Designing Websites for "Mature" Visitors

I'm meeting with a new client tomorrow to discuss a redesign of their old and busted website. The client is an association of cardiac surgeons and their website is, frankly, horrible (which they readily admit). It's out of date, hard to navigate and has as its recurring theme tiny animated flashing hearts that make you think more of the Valentine from Hell than of a professional medical team offering state-of-the-art heart surgery and related services. Someone apparently mistook ownership of a copy of FrontPage for website design credentials.

One of the questions I ask new clients is who they want to target with their website. That's always a good way to begin to lay a foundation for the site. For this new client, I anticipate that many visitors to the website will be what we'll euphemistically call "senior citizens." After all, while heart surgery on younger patients isn't unheard of, it's far more frequently performed on older people. Also, studies show that one of the primary uses for the web by people ages 65 and older is for researching health and medical issues.

With that in mind, I've done a little site hopping on my own to see if there are any new recommendations by "the experts" on designing websites for seniors. Here's a short list of the primary issues to consider, culled from a variety of sources, not the least of which is this article from UseIt.com:

  • Differentiate between unvisited and visited links - This will help visitors who have problems with short term memory keep track of where they've been on the site.

  • Don't set a font-size - Text that is too small and difficult to read seems to be the biggest complaint from seniors participating in usability studies. By not specifying a font-size, their default browser setting will display the text in the way that they presumably prefer, and they'll be able to more easily change the setting if it doesn't. An extension of this recommendation is the use of a style-sheet switcher button that allows the visitor to increase the text size without going to the browser's menu.

  • Underline links - Poor eyesight makes the use of color alone to differentiate linked text from unlinked a bad practice.

  • Omit animations - They're distracting and often confusing.

  • Use shorter lines of text and increase line-height (the space between lines of text) slightly - Both of these techniques improve readability.

  • Use link titles even when you think the linked text is self-explanatory - Many seniors are "cautious clickers," meaning that they hesitate to click on links for fear of where they'll be sent. Using the popup link title feature will help to reassure them of exactly what that link will do.

  • Avoid dropdown/flyout menus - Besides being potentially confusing, they can also be quite difficult for someone with less-than-perfect motor skills to use.

Most, if not all of these recommendations fall into the category of common sense, and would probably make all websites more useful, not just those designed for seniors. And we bloggers, as a group, tend to routinely ignore many of them, in the interest of "cool design." (The Gazette, for example, does not follow the advice for font-size, link underlining and visited link differentiation.)

If you're a blogger, have you consciously considered the age demographic of your visitors? Are these issues important to you? And, if you're a non-blogging visitor, have you noticed examples of poor design (here or other places) that have kept you from using a website in the manner you'd like? Feel free to weigh in via the comments.

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Comments

Of course, (most) blogs are not designed as commercial sites, so some of the above mentioned considerations are not all that important. HOWEVER, I have found that blogsites that use a black background with white lettering are the pits when it comes to legibility. Let me check some of my more used sites and I will propagate a list (don't you love big words!).

Posted by: Cowtown Pattie at May 12, 2005 03:34 PM

Eric,

Hey, thanks for the tips. I'll check my blog for violations. I've noticed, for example, that Amazon has redesigned its web pages in the last few weeks. They now make liberal (there's that word again!) use of flyout menus and it has been driving me nuts.

They need to hire you.

Have fun propagating.

Jim

Oh, and by the way, I've been meaning to mention the kick I got out of your "going away for the weekend" post wherein you used the phrase "regular content-free blogging will resume..." I've been repeating that in my head and chuckling for days now.

Posted by: jim at May 12, 2005 03:40 PM

oops...that's not you propagating, it's someone else. I should be more careful, throwing those big words around like that.

Posted by: Jim at May 12, 2005 03:42 PM

Of course I've considered those things--I'm an old guy, myself! But I also have Sometimerz Disease and forget to fix stuff.

Posted by: Mike at May 12, 2005 04:07 PM

Cowtown Pattie sent me here to see if I could add any help.

Because one of my blogs is about getting older, I think about these things every day, though I don't always follow my own advice.

You've pretty well got it nailed in what you've figured out already. Not setting a fixed text size is crucial, as is Pattie's advice about no dark backgrounds.

Another thing to consider is how old eyes deal with color. Older people don't differentiate well between blue and green, and between red and orange, so you don't want to use these pairs of colors together in design elements or to indicate different things near each other.

Another consideration is clear, clear, clear navigation. Every section link, by placement and label should leave no question about what it is.

And liberal use of links to related stories are useful too. So if there's a page explaining angina, for example, even if that topic is a nav link, list the related links at the bottom of each story too, or link to a topic page listing all angina-related stories if there is one. You get the idea.

As you design this site, you'll be fine if you try to remember what it was like when you first discovered the web. Things we "old-time users" take for granted in getting around a site (even when badly designed) is difficult for older people, many of whom don't use the web as frequently as some of us do and aren't so familiar with the conventions.

Posted by: Ronni Bennett at May 12, 2005 04:19 PM

heart surgery on younger patients isn't unheard of

Yes, and here I am to prove that point explicitly!

Posted by: Wallace-Midland, Texas at May 12, 2005 11:08 PM

Of course, (most) blogs are not designed as commercial sites, so some of the above mentioned considerations are not all that important.

CP, I'd like to play devil's advocate for a moment with your assertion by stating that if you're blogging with the idea of attracting (and retaining) readers, then all of these ideas should be consciously considered for implementation. Now, you may then consciously decide that some of them are either irrelevant to your perceived readership demographic, inconsistent with your desired stylistic leanings, or simply a matter of subjective taste...and that's fine. What I'm suggesting is that these design decisions should be made thoughtfully, not just allowed to happen because of some blog software template.

And, much as we're all free spirits who consider our blogs to be our personal playgrounds, I suspect that most of us would run...not walk...to fix a stylistic feature that we knew was motivating our readers not to return.

Ronni, thanks for weighing in from your obvious area of expertise. I often try to look at my designs through "inexperienced" eyes, but your reminder is timely. Having recently assisted my octogenarian father-in-law break in his first home computer, I've learned that there's very little about technology that's intuitive.

Posted by: Eric at May 13, 2005 02:03 PM

I should point out that even if you specify font sizes in your stylesheet, as I do, Firefox will still allow the text to be resized with Ctrl-+ or - as appropriate.

Posted by: CGHill at May 15, 2005 09:50 AM

...Firefox will still allow the text to be resized with Ctrl-+ or - as appropriate.

As will just about every other browser except for IE for Windows. Unfortunately, we know all too well the market share of that execrable piece of software.

Posted by: Eric at May 15, 2005 03:25 PM
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