Abbreviating Numbers
The headline at the top of the front page of today's local newspaper reads:
[And, no – this is not a post about the obvious misspelling, nor will I stoop to making observations like "I hope the scholarships are for spelling classes."]
When I showed the headline to my wife as she came out of the game room following her daily treadmill session, her remark was "Nine thousand dollars for scholarships? That doesn't sound like much." That got me to thinking about how even the simplest of writing conventions – abbreviations, in this case – are still ripe for misinterpretation.
I did a quick search through some of my style guides, including Strunk & White's venerable The Elements of Style, and the much more contemporary Garner's Modern American Usage by Bryan A. Garner, and none of them addressed the proper way to abbreviate large numbers.
My wife and I have extensive backgrounds in the oil business, working for Fortune 500 corporations where the numbers run to the high end, and we're accustomed to seeing "M" used to signify "thousand" (presumably from the Latin mille) rather than "K" (a "pseudo-metric" reference which is rooted in the French word for thousand, according to my dictionary)*. Using this convention, the abbreviation for million is "MM" (or one thousand thousands), so that the headline above would have referred to a "$9 MM scholarship donation."
I'm not arguing that MM is better or more descriptive than M for quantifying something. I'm simply pointing out that writers need to be aware of the potential for miscommunication in even the smallest of details. When in doubt, spell it out.
Using proper spelling, of course.
For more about this issue, check out this message thread on "The Math Forum: Ask Dr. Math" website, as well as The Dictionary of Units of Measurement.
*It's interesting – well, to me, anyway – to note that even in the industry, the logic behind the abbreviation process breaks down as the numbers get really big. For example, while MCF stands for "thousand cubic feet" and MMCF signifies "million cubic feet," we use BCF and TCF as abbreviations for "billion cubic feet" and "trillion cubic feet," respectively. This reversion to literal abbreviation is apparently due to the fact that there is no Roman numeral equivalent for 1,000,000 or greater. The Romans seemed to believe that such numbers were ridiculous and refused to dignify them with a notation.
Print journalism has its own rules, that often contradict everything we were taught in school about the mechanics of proper writing.
The headline you cite is poorly crafted, but using the M to indicate "million" is acceptable ... after one has previously written "million." Same B and billion.
In newspapers, space is money so standard forms of abbreviations are shortened even more. Consider A.M. and P.M. In an advertisement it would be correct to use the capital letters and full stops. In the text of an article, the form is a.m. and p.m., and some might even write it without the periods: am and pm. Mr. and Mrs. Eric Siegmund could end up as Mr.&Mrs.Eric Siegmund, or (horrors) M/M Eric Siegmund.
Newspaper writing takes all sorts of liberties with the language and construction that other forms of writing should avoid, and (in my opinion) newspapers should never be relied upon for correct usage. They are a unique form.
Compounding the "problem" is the widespread use of the internet as a resource, so all sorts of differences are creeping into American English usage, with punctuation, abbreviations, and spelling suffering accordingly.
Posted by: Deborah at May 22, 2007 11:55 AMBut, my reaction was completely different ..... I saw something that meant ' $9-million ' ..... so did the woman in line behind me, a teacher at MHS .....
The rules that some of you offer as the correct form for the phrase, simply don't apply ..... this is a headline, and headlines have NEVER been about abolutely, thoroughly and excruciatingly correct grammar ... that's for the body of the story, where the rules of the AP Style Manual offer guidleines for the use of million, billion, etc.
What some of you call taking liberties in headlines is often an expression planned-and-crafted to catch your attention, and draw you into the story .....
And, I'm just tickled pink to be sharing comment space here with Darrell and Eric who are, themselves, gifted wordsmiths .....
Posted by: Jeff at May 22, 2007 12:20 PMIsn't there some i before e rule?
Posted by: Robert at May 22, 2007 12:34 PMRobert, don't go there.
Or is it, "don't go their"?
Or, "thier"?
See, I warned you.
And, along those lines, you'd be amazed – and shocked! – by how many people misspell my last name, rule or no rule.
Posted by: Eric at May 22, 2007 12:43 PMPosted by: Jeff at May 22, 2007 03:12 PM
And here's little ol' me who's never seen or heard of the MM for million.
Strange.
Posted by: beth at May 22, 2007 04:30 PMAnd then there's me, who, even when taking cryptic notes that only I will ever read, insists on using "MM" for million regardless of the rules, for fear of coming back later and not knowing if I meant thousand or million. 8-}
Posted by: Gwynne at May 22, 2007 10:15 PMThe matter is probably exacerbated* by us computer geeks. When I read the headline as "nine millions", it's because I'm accustomed to thinking of M as "megs". Now, we all know that 1M(eg) is short for "megabytes", which is actually 1,048,576 bytes, but my brain accepts 1M... oops. Circular reference. My brain accepts 1,000,000 for "one meg" in the same way that it, accepts 1K as a sort of civilian reference to 1000, when, in fact, 1K is 1024.** Thus showing the the water is not only muddy, but probably not even potable.
* I had to do something to make myself feel worthy of joining this quibble of linguists (which is, I think, as worthy a collective noun as many others I've seen).
** I'm reluctant to legitimize the earlier claim of the French to "K", because... well, they're French.

My reaction this morning was the same as your wife's. I thought "That's a mighty big headline for a gift of 9 thousand dollars". Of course upon reading the body of the story I found out, as you did, that it was much more. I always thought the standard for million was "MM". Maybe in the interest of time the MRT saved a keystroke and only went with "M".
(And yes, tv people read the newspaper too. I always check the important stuff...obituaries, to see if I'm listed, comics and then the really scary/funny stuff like news out of our nation's Capitol.)
Posted by: Darrell Ward at May 22, 2007 11:12 AM